While the hydro-geomorphic setting had a significant but weak effect (R &gt; 0.3) on observed spatial and temporal patterns, our findings suggest that sheltered settings were less predisposed to macroalgal overgrowth compared to wave-exposed areas. In the era of climate change, targeted management should focus on strategies that mitigate macroalgal overgrowth, promote hard coral stability (or resilience) while preventing further loss.In Canada, two of the most common forms of maltreatment substantiated by child protective services are child exposure to domestic violence and child physical abuse. Fathers are identified as the parent responsible for a substantial proportion of this maltreatment.
This study examined whether providing a group-based intervention program for fathers was associated with greater engagement of fathers in child protection case management and with lower rates of subsequent father-perpetrated abuse.
A quasi-experimental design compared child protection outcomes in families in which fathers were referred to an intervention program (Caring Dads) and either completed the group (n=85) or remained on a waitlist for future service (n=100).
Data were collected from a retrospective review of administrative files over two years, starting from the time of referral to Caring Dads.
Initial comparisons found no significant differences in intervention and comparison group fathers in demographic characteristics, child protection concerns, and all but one area of risk and needs. Completing intervention, as compared to being waitlisted, was associated with a greater number of contacts between child protection workers and fathers over two years (M=30.3 vs. M=16.7), a difference that was significant and large in size (d=0.81) and with lower rates of verified re-referral due to fathers' maltreatment (20.5% vs. 36.0%), a difference that was significant and between small and medium in size (V=0.17).
Current results suggest that there may be significant benefits of involving fathers in child protection-linked intervention.
Current results suggest that there may be significant benefits of involving fathers in child protection-linked intervention.The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the lives of children and parents, raising concerns about child maltreatment.
We examined the prevalence of abusive parenting behavior during the pandemic of the COVID-19 and its relations with physical, psychological, and social factors and positive parenting behavior.
An online survey was performed during the COVID-19 state of emergency in Japan. Participants were 5344 parents of children aged 0-17years.
We conducted an anonymous online survey using multiple platforms, including websites of child-related organizations and social networking services (SNS). Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with abusive behavior.
One-fifth of parents reported abusive behaviors, whereas over 80% of parents reported positive parenting behaviors (e.g., empathizing with a child). Abusive parenting behaviors were associated with longer screen time (6+ hours per day OR, 1.44; 95%CI, 1.05-1.98), poor maternal mental health (K6=13+ OR, 2.23; 95%CI, 1.71-2.89), and the occurrence of domestic violence (OR, 4.54; 95%CI, 3.47-5.95). Positive parenting behaviors, especially showing empathy, were associated with lower risks of abusive behaviors (OR, 0.51 95%CI, 0.39-0.66).
Positive parenting behavior is essential to the prevention of child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Positive parenting behavior is essential to the prevention of child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.To systematically assess the association between corporal punishment and young children's development in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Data for 69 population-based surveys from the Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (MICS) were combined. The sample included 131,164 children aged 36-59months living in 49 LMICs. The surveys included information about children's developmental status and exposure to corporal punishment in the prior month. Logistic models, random-effects meta-analysis, and moderation analysis were used to obtain pooled estimates and assess the extent to which the association between corporal punishment and child developmental outcomes varied across countries.
On average, children exposed to corporal punishment were about 24% (β=0.76, 95% CI 0.72-0.80) less likely to be developmentally on track than children who were not exposed to corporal punishment. Challenges in social-emotional development may drive the association between child development and corporal punishment. Corporal punishment was not associated with any positive developmental outcome in any country. There was minor heterogeneity in the estimated associations, which was not explained by the extent to which corporal punishment was normative within countries.
All forms of corporal punishment - including spanking - are likely to be harmful to young children's development and wellbeing. Public education, legal prohibition of corporal punishment, and other efforts are needed to protect children from corporal punishment and promote their wellbeing, health, and development.
All forms of corporal punishment - including spanking - are likely to be harmful to young children's development and wellbeing. Public education, legal prohibition of corporal punishment, and other efforts are needed to protect children from corporal punishment and promote their wellbeing, health, and development.Chronic inflammation is a pathophysiological cause of age-related diseases including sarcopenia. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sovilnesib.html However, limited data are available on the association between the diet-derived inflammation and sarcopenia. Here, using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), we examined the associations between inflammatory potentials of the diet, sarcopenia/its components, and serum inflammatory markers.
This cross-sectional study was performed in 2014 among 1,254 community-dwelling older adults. Energy-adjusted DII score (E-adjusted DII) was calculated using a self-administered diet history questionnaire. Sarcopenia/its components was determined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured.
The mean of E-adjusted DII was 0.13±2.1 (-4.92~5.29) in participants (74.6±5.5 y). After adjustment of confounders, men in the highest tertile of the E-adjusted DII showed a 2.89-times (95% CI 1.